Visual Indicators of Structural Spalling and Carbonation in Concrete Elements
Concrete spalling is easy to see. The reason it happened is often much harder to establish. A broken soffit exposing reinforcement, a longitudinal …
Concrete spalling is easy to see. The reason it happened is often much harder to establish. A broken soffit exposing reinforcement, a longitudinal …
A crack is not a diagnosis. It is a visible response to stress, strain, movement, deterioration or material behaviour somewhere within a structure.…
A visual structural condition survey is often the first engineering step in understanding the condition of an existing building or structure. Befo…
A structural investigation is a planned process used to establish how an existing building, structure or structural element was constructed, what c…
Locating reinforcement in concrete is an important part of structural investigation, drilling control, concrete sampling and refurbishment planning…
Hand-arm vibration exposure is one of the construction risks that can look harmless in the moment but become serious over time. A breaker, grinder,…
Structural engineers are increasingly being asked to make major design, demolition and temporary works decisions using buildings that no longer full…